Open
and distance learning
Open and distance learning (ODL) system is a system
where teachers and learners need not necessarily be present either at same
place and same time. It is very flexible in regard to modalities and timing of
teaching and learning as also the admission criteria.ODL system in India consist of indhira Gandhi open
university (IGNOU), state open university (SOUs) , institutions and university
offering education and includes correspondence course institute (CCIS).
This
is
becoming more and more significant for continuing education.
Definition of ODL
ODL is modes of learning with certain
characteristics with distinguish it from the campus based learning.
-
Jack foks
Kothari commission
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Provision of adult education
-
Provision for course that may promote
culture and aesthetic values
-
Provision for availability of teachers
in existing institution for students
-
Provision for course that through
correspondence
Merits
1. Availability
of education at all level of education
2. Provision
for professional and technical education
3. Flexible
structure
4. One
can learn while at work or services
5. Educational
and vocational guidance
6. Achievement
of constitutional provision
Open universities in India
§ IGNOU
§ BR
AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY
§ NALANDA
§ KOTA
OPEN UNIVERSITY
OBJECTIVES AND AIMS
§ Promote educational well being of community
§ To
encourage the open university and distance education system
§ To
co ordinate and determine the standards
§ To
less the tide admission in formal education
§ Achieve
the constitutional provision
§ To provide counseling and guidance to people
NPE
-
Open
University System should act is for democratically education
-
Provision of educational opportunity at
higher education
-
Making education a lifelong process
Features
-
Distance education is primarily a self
learning
-
The student has to depend more on his
own motivation
-
It is quite innovative
-
Flexible
-
Less expensive
-
Consider all un fulfilled desired of
knowledge through this system
-
This system is psychologically as well
as sociologically sound and effective
ODL
(Open and Distance Learning)
Open
and Distance Learning (ODL) is a general term for the use of telecommunication
to provide or enhance learning. Around the world, the academic community is
discovering and exploring the Internet, teleconferencing, and related means to
achieve an extended classroom or learning experience. Students in Russia are
earning degrees from a university in Australia. Primary and secondary-grade
students are exchanging e-mail across continents as a supplement to their
formal studies. Students and teachers at all levels are taking part in
teleconferences and forming associations that would have been unlikely five
years ago. A number of world conferences have been held on ODL and many
experimental projects are underway.
A
few of the many educational organizations involved with ODL include:
·
The University of Bergen in Bergen,
Norway, which offers its own ODL Resource Page
·
The Open University at the Institute for
Educational Technology in the United Kingdom
·
The Virtual Classroom at the New Jersey
Institute of Technology
2)
Object Description Language (ODL) is a simple language for defining data
structures that is used in the United States by the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA).
Several
somewhat similar languages have been created by other organizations for
defining program or data objects. These include an Object Design Language and
an Object Definition Language.
Open Learning
Open
Learning’s aim is to inspire, motivate and empower through education. We
believe that learning can and should be enjoyable, ongoing, and above all
effective. Transformative education enhances people’s abilities, promotes
dynamic communication, and fosters a lifelong love of learning. We’re committed
to creating fun and interactive communities and want our learning vision to
spread far beyond educational institutions, branching into boardrooms, offices,
team sports, group work, and right through to retirement. We believe that you
should never stop learning, and we want to share our passion for accessible
education.
What
Is a MOOC?
A
massive open online course (MOOC) is a model for delivering learning content
online to any person who wants to take a course, with no limit on attendance.
As
new digital forms of formal and informal learning proliferate, there is an
increasing need to better understand how people in different regions of the
world are implementing massive open online courses (MOOCs) and other forms of
open educational resources (OERs). Educators, researchers, politicians, and
numerous other stakeholders want to grasp what the outcomes of these
initiatives are and how they can be improved. Ongoing e-learning developments
related to both technology and pedagogy have pushed institutions and
organizations to grapple with issues of accreditation, credentialing, quality
standards, innovative assessment, and learner motivation and attrition, among
other areas of concern.
In
response, MOOCs and Open Education around the World explores and illuminates
unique implementations of MOOCs and open education across regions and nations.
The book also focuses on the various opportunities as well as the dilemmas
presented in this rapidly evolving age of technology-enabled learning. What are
the different delivery formats, interaction possibilities, assessment schemes,
and business models? What are the key controversies or issues that must be
discussed and addressed? This edited collection explains MOOCs and open
education trends and issues in a variety of contexts, shares key research
findings, and provides practical suggestions and recommendations for the near
future. The
MOOCs and Open Education special issue of the International Journal on
E-Learning (IJEL) is now published! It was edited by Mimi Miyoung Lee, Curtis
J. Bonk, Thomas H. Reynolds, and Thomas C. Reeves (2015).
In April of 2001, the president of MIT, Charles
Vest, announced the establishment of a project for placing MIT course contents
on the Web for free access by anyone with an Internet connection. In effect,
this announcement started the OpenCourseWare (OCW) movement. Since that time,
open educational resources (OER) and more recently massive open online courses
(MOOCs) have proliferated. A flurry of research reports, books, programs,
announcements, debates, and conferences related to MOOCs and open education have
encouraged educators to reflect on how these new forms of educational delivery
might enhance or even transform education. As part of this global movement, the
four editors of this special issue, Mimi Lee, Curt Bonk, Tom Reynolds, and Tom
Reeves, organized a one-day preconference symposium on this topic at the
International E-Learn Conference in Las Vegas in October 2013. One direct
result of that event is this special issue of the International Journal on
E-Learning (IJEL), which contains highly informative and important papers
related to the present and future of MOOCs and Open Education around the globe.
What is the difference between open learning and distance
learning?
·
Though open learning and distance education serve the same
purpose by providing a chance of education who can't attend regular mode.
Still they do differ a bit. Open learning lets one appear in exams without need of any attendance whereas in case of distance education one has to attend a few classes
Still they do differ a bit. Open learning lets one appear in exams without need of any attendance whereas in case of distance education one has to attend a few classes
·
Distance education is approached in
various ways, with the more popular formats being print, audio, video,
broadcast radio, television, and of course computers and the Internet. It is
characterised by separation of geographic distance and time.
·
Open learning is defined as an approach
to learning that allows learners flexibility and choice over what, when, at
what pace, where, and how they learn. Open learning tends to be delivered via
distance education that is characterised by separation of geographic distance
and time.
·
Open and Distance Learning (ODL) is
therefore a term used to describe learning that uses ICTs to provide or enhance
learning.
Merits
and Demerits
Advantages
1. Provides for an increase in Access to
education for those who otherwise have no other opportunities due to work,
family or physical limitations.
2. Provides for a modality of instruction better
suited for certain learners.
3.
Greater flexibility for scheduling learning-Students can determine time and
place of "classtime" .
4.
Greater flexibility in location for
study-Students can engage course at home or work or on campus or at a library.
5. Distance Education is Learner Centered -DE
places responsibility for learning with the learner who must be more active and
self directed.
6. Facilitates greater learner-instructor
interaction.
7. Increased interaction with classmates.
8. Facilitates Pedagogic Development-Individual
Instructor Development.
9. Produces a carryover effect into the regular
classroom of imporved pedagogic techniques.
10.
Opportunity to develop technology competencies for instructors and learners.
11.
Access to global resources and experts via internet communication and Internet
resources.
12.
Allows for the internationalization of learning opportunities.
13.
Centralized resources can produce higher quality materials for distribution .
14.
Has the potential to equalize access to education.
Disadvantages
·
Time and frustration involved learning
how to get on-line for novices.
·
Lag time between student input and
feedback -Time lapse between need for learner support and resolution.
·
Occasional internet provider downtime.
·
Student must be more active and
self-directed in learning environment -Depends on individual motivation and
initiative.
·
Occasional feelings of isolation-
Potentially less group support for learners leading to isolation and possible
non-completion of program.
·
Instructional design for group
activities and group interaction more demanding on the instructor.
·
Demands large effort and cost to develop
appropriate materials.
·
Demands large effort to create and
maintain the technological infrastructure.
·
Distance Education is not for
everyone.- It is not for undisciplined
learners nor inflexible instructors.